Continuity Editing Examples/Breakdowns

180 degree Rule, Heat Dinner Scene

The 180-degree rule is a filmmaking guideline for space between two characters on screen (setting an invisible axis/eye line, between two characters or between a character and an object). By following this rule it keeps the space of the scene easy to follow by not having the audience drastically alter there sightline. (Alex Ferrari 2019) IndieFilmHustle.Com, (SC Lannom 2019) Studiobinder 180 Degree Rule

30 Degree Rule, Avengers Group Fight Scene

The 30-degree rule is a rule used in filmmaking with the purpose of creating continuity between different shots within a larger sequence of shots. Similar to the 180-degree rule this is used to keep the image from feeling jarring to an audience and allow them to concentrate on the image in the frame. LightFilmSchool

Shot/Reverse Shot, 50/50 Diagnosis Scene

 

(This also showcases the 180 and 30 Degree Rule)

A shot reverse shot refers to when a camera setup on a subject, and then uses a subsequent set up to show the reverse view. Usually used to showcase a conversation between two characters and is in combination with the 180 and 30-degree rule. (SC Lannom 2019) Studiobinder

Establishing Shot, The Shinning Opening Scene

The establishing shot is used to showcase the setting of a film or media text. Most commonly used in combination with a Birds Eye View perspective and Long/Extreme Long Shots with Tracking camera movements. (Jason Hellerman 2019) Nofilmschool

Cut In, American Werewolf in London Transformation

Cut ins are used to indicate the emotions of the character in the scene by cutting into the expressions of the actors. This is most commonly used with Closeup and the Zoom In-camera methods as talked about within the website Studiobinder

Temporal Overlap, Mission Impossible 2 Car Chase Scene

Temporal Overlap is when the same action of a scene repeated multiple times either from the shot being repeated or the same action from a different camera angle/position. (Cato Wittusen 2014) Varieties of temporal overlapping and depth

Match on Action, Reservoir Dogs Opening Titles

Match on Action refers to an editing technique where the editor cuts from one shot to another view that matches the first shot's action. Such as someone entering or exiting a building, most commonly used when transitioning from one scene to another. VideoCide: 

• (Jonathan Paul 2015) 8 Essential Cuts Every Editor Should Know, premiumbeat.com
• (Kyle Cassidy Article Not Dated) Cutting on Action, videomaker.com
• (Ross Hockrow 2014) Pacing for Video and Cinema Editors: Timing and Types of Cuts, peachpit.com

Kuleshov Effect, Welcome to Jurassic Park

Kuleshov Effect is an emotional response created by an editing technique of having the characters facial expression contrasted with another shot that changes how the audience perceives the characters expression. As Alfred Hitchcock expertly said with his example of a man's reaction to a woman in a bikini and how it changes when the images are changed to a baby. (Mike Springer 2012) OpenCulture

Eisenstein's Methods of Montage (five methods of montage):

Metric Montage, refers to cutting in exact measurement rather than the content of the shot. To clarify according to (Chris Heckmann 2020) Studiobinder Metric Montage is inspired by the pacing of a music score/the meter of sound in a film. Used to create a visual pace within a scene by cutting to the next shot after a finite number of frames despite action in the scene. October: Ten Days That Shook the World

Rhythmic Montage, if Metric Montage is used to establish a visual pace, then the Rhythmic Montage is used to keep to the pace with is the use of sound and visuals and the continuity this creates based on matching action. Rocky Training Montage

Tonal Montage uses the emotional meaning with the use of two or more shots that support one another to build a theme that gains a reaction from the audience, which can be used with a combination with other montage methods like Rythmic. Nerdwriter's Analyse on Parasites Perfect Tonal Montage

Intellectual Montage, uses images to create meaning or metaphors for the audience to understand messages of the sequence usually used in combination with the Kuleshov Effect. 2001: Space Odyssey Dawn of Man

Over Tonal Montage, the combination of all 4 other methods of montage. This is to help induce an effect on the audience and help them feel emotionally connected. The Untouchables Stairway Shootout is a perfect example of this by using all methods of montage: 

Establishes pace (Metric), Keeps to the pace (Rhythmic), Evokes an emotional response (Tonal) and Exaggerates the emotional response through supporting/contrasting images (Intellectual).

Reference List:

180 degree Rule:

Heat Directed by Michael Mann

Ferrari A, December 13, 2019, "Film School Essentials: 180 Degree Rule" (Online) Available at:

https://indiefilmhustle.com/180-degree-rule/

Lannom S.C, Feb 18, 2019 "What is the 180 Degree Rule in Film? Crossing the Line with Purpose" (Online) Available at:

https://www.studiobinder.com/blog/what-is-the-180-degree-rule-film/

30 degree Rule:

The Avengers (2012) Directed by Joss Whedon

LightsFilmSchool.com, "The 30 Degree Rule" (Online) Available at:

https://www.lightsfilmschool.com/blog/the-30-degree-rule

Shot/Reverse Shot:

50/50 (2011) Directed by Jonathan Levine

Lannom S.C, May 13, 2019, "Shot Reverse Shot: Reaction Shots, Cutaways, and Coverage" (Online) Available at:

https://www.studiobinder.com/blog/shot-reverse-shot-cutaways-coverage/#shot-reverse-shot

Establishing Shot:

The Shinning (1980) Directed by Stanley Kubrick

Hellerman J, April 8, 2019, "Establishing Shots: Examples and Uses of the Camera Angle" (Online) Available at:

https://nofilmschool.com/establishing-shot-examples-and-uses

Cut-In:

An American Werewolf in London (1981) Directed by John Landis

Temporal Overlap: 

Mission Impossible 2 (2000) Directed by John Woo

Wittusen C, 19 Feb 2014, "Varieties of Temporal Overlapping and Depth" (Online) Available at:

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17400309.2014.883477?journalCode=rfts20&

Match on Action:

Reservoir Dogs (1992) Directed by Quentin Tarantino

VideoCide, Last Modified on July 6, 2019, "Matching On Action" (Online) Available at:

https://videocide.com/glossary/matching-on-action/

Paul J, Oct 6, 2015, "8 Essential Cuts Every Editor Should Know" (Online) Available at:

https://www.premiumbeat.com/blog/8-essential-cuts-every-editor-should-know/

Cassidy K, "Cutting on Action" (Online) Available at:

https://www.videomaker.com/article/c10/13536-cutting-on-action

Hockrow R, Jul 22, 2014, "Pacing for Video and Cinema Editors: Timing and Types of Cuts" (Online) Available at:

https://www.peachpit.com/articles/article.aspx?p=2233986&seqNum=4

Kuleshov Effect:

Jurassic Park (1993) Directed by Steven Spielberg 

OpenCulture, May 2, 2012, "Hitchcock on the Filmmaker’s Essential Tool: The Kuleshov Effect" (Online) Available at:

http://www.openculture.com/2012/05/alfred_hitchcock_on_the_essential_filmmakers_tool_the_great_kuleshov_effect.html

Eisenstein's Methods of Montage:

Heckmann C, Mar 8, 2020, "Soviet Montage Theory - Definition, Examples and Types of Montage" (Online) Available at:

https://www.studiobinder.com/blog/soviet-montage-theory/

October: Ten Days That Shook the World (1927) Directed by Sergei Eisenstein, Grigori Aleksandrov

Rocky (1976) Directed by John G. Avildsen

Nerdwriter, Dec 31, 2019, "Parasite's Perfect Montage" (Online) Available at:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ma1rD2OP85c&feature=youtu.be&ab_channel=Nerdwriter1

2001: Space Odyssey (1968) Directed by Stanley Kubrick

The Untouchables (1987) Directed by Brian De Palma